Now we are trying to apply some new methods to detect the axial force of high-strength bolts to ensure the quality of installation. Here are three new detection methods.

一、標(biāo)定法

1、 Calibration method

1、現(xiàn)通常所說的拉力標(biāo)定器就是軸力計(jì)。為了保證高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接副的安裝質(zhì)量，在安裝現(xiàn)場(chǎng)用于檢測(cè)軸力的移動(dòng)式軸力計(jì)，由輪輻式壓力傳感器和與之配套的數(shù)字顯示儀表組成。2、移動(dòng)式軸力計(jì)主要適用于安裝現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，通過與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工的力矩施加工具進(jìn)行施擰后的預(yù)緊力對(duì)比，以便及時(shí)修正現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施擰扭矩。通過移動(dòng)式的軸力計(jì)對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施擰工具的標(biāo)定校驗(yàn)，為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工質(zhì)量提供了一定的質(zhì)量保障。

1. Now commonly referred to as the tension calibrator is the axial force meter. In order to ensure the installation quality of the high-strength bolt connection pair, the mobile axial force meter used to detect the axial force at the installation site is composed of a spoke pressure sensor and a supporting digital display instrument. 2. The mobile axial force meter is mainly applicable to the installation site. By comparing the pre tightening force after screwing with the torque application tool in the field construction, the on-site screwing torque can be corrected in time. The calibration and verification of the on-site screwing tools by the mobile axial force meter provides a certain quality guarantee for the on-site construction quality.

二、應(yīng)變法

2、 Strain method

1、將應(yīng)變片貼在被測(cè)定物上，使其隨著被測(cè)定物的應(yīng)變一起伸縮，這樣里面的金屬箔材就隨著應(yīng)變伸長(zhǎng)或縮短。很多金屬在機(jī)械性地伸長(zhǎng)或縮短時(shí)電阻會(huì)隨之變化。應(yīng)變片就是應(yīng)用這個(gè)原理，通過測(cè)量電阻的變化而對(duì)應(yīng)變進(jìn)行測(cè)定。

1. Stick the strain gauge on the measured object and make it stretch and contract with the strain of the measured object, so that the metal foil inside will stretch or shorten with the strain. The resistance of many metals will change as they mechanically lengthen or shorten. The strain gauge applies this principle to measure the strain by measuring the change of resistance.

2、應(yīng)變法是利用應(yīng)變片組成惠斯通電橋的工作原理，然后對(duì)其進(jìn)行封裝，形成螺栓軸力傳感器裝置，然后將傳感器安裝在螺栓和被連接件的中間，在螺栓和傳感器中間放置墊片使傳感器受力均勻。由于傳感器受到螺栓預(yù)緊力的壓擠作用，使得傳感器內(nèi)部的應(yīng)變片發(fā)生變化，而產(chǎn)生位移應(yīng)變。通過上述原理法來測(cè)得應(yīng)變，再由應(yīng)變和應(yīng)力之間的關(guān)系從而計(jì)算出預(yù)緊力。

2. Strain method is to use the strain gauge to form the working principle of Wheatstone bridge, and then package it to form a bolt axial force sensor device, and then install the sensor in the middle of the bolt and the connected part, and place a gasket between the bolt and the sensor to make the sensor bear the force evenly. Because the sensor is compressed by the bolt preload, the strain gauge inside the sensor changes, resulting in displacement strain. The strain is measured by the above principle method, and then the preload is calculated from the relationship between strain and stress.

三、超聲波測(cè)量法

3、 Ultrasonic measurement method

1、人們?cè)诶碚撋蠈?duì)聲波與應(yīng)力關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究探索多年，進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，市場(chǎng)上已有了螺栓應(yīng)力超聲測(cè)量?jī)x。由于超聲波應(yīng)力測(cè)量方法可直接測(cè)量，且精度高，測(cè)量簡(jiǎn)便，尤其是可以在役狀態(tài)的螺栓進(jìn)行定期跟蹤檢測(cè)，所以發(fā)展較快。

1. People have studied and explored the relationship between sound wave and stress in theory for many years. In the 21st century, there are bolt stress ultrasonic measuring instruments on the market. Because the ultrasonic stress measurement method can be measured directly, with high accuracy and simple measurement, especially the bolts in service can be tracked and tested regularly, so it develops rapidly.

2、超聲應(yīng)力檢測(cè)法的計(jì)算原理，測(cè)量有應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下和無應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下超聲波傳導(dǎo)來回需要的聲時(shí)；再用扭矩機(jī)、拉伸機(jī)分別與超聲應(yīng)力儀對(duì)比，量?jī)x得出的結(jié)果很好，誤差非常小。

2. The calculation principle of ultrasonic stress detection method is to first measure the sound time required for ultrasonic transmission back and forth in stressed and unstressed states; Then the torque machine and the stretching machine are compared with the ultrasonic stress meter respectively. The result of the meter is very good and the error is very small.

3、超聲波應(yīng)力測(cè)量?jī)x可以進(jìn)行螺栓安裝過程中的檢測(cè)和對(duì)現(xiàn)行服役螺栓軸力的檢測(cè)、螺栓在役檢測(cè)，可以隨時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)機(jī)件運(yùn)行的螺栓預(yù)緊力，起到保護(hù)裝備或車輛運(yùn)行的重要作用。

3. The ultrasonic stress measuring instrument can detect the bolt installation process, the axial force of the bolts in service, and the bolt in service. It can monitor the bolt preload of the running parts at any time, and plays an important role in protecting the safe operation of equipment or vehicles.

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